MBR L13 – User’s Guide
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Internet domain In a networked computer environment, a collection of computers that share a common domain
database and security policy. A domain is administered as a unit with common rules and procedures, and each domain
has a unique name.
Intranet A network within an organization that uses Internet technologies (such as a Web browser for viewing
information) and protocols (such as TCP/IP), but is available only to certain people, such as employees of a company.
It is also called a private network. Some intranets offer access to the Internet, but such connections are directed
through a Firewall.
IP Acronym for Internet Protocol. The protocol within TCP/IP that is used to send data between computers over the
Internet. More specifically, this protocol governs the routing of data messages which are transmitted in smaller
components called packets.
IP address Acronym for Internet Protocol address. IP is the protocol within TCP/IP that is used to send data between
computers over the Internet. An IP address is an assigned number used to identify a computer that is connected to a
network through TCP/IP. An IP address consists of four numbers (each of which can be no greater than 255) separated
by periods, such as 192.168.1.1.
ISO/OSI reference model Abbreviation for International Organization for Standardization Open Systems
Interconnection reference model. An architecture that standardizes levels of service and types of interaction for
computers that exchange information through a communications network. The ISO/OSI reference model separates
computer-to-computer communications into seven protocol layers, or levels; each builds on and relies on the
standards contained in the levels below it. The lowest of the seven layers deals solely with hardware links; the highest
deals with software interactions at the program level. It is a fundamental blueprint designed to help guide the creation
of hardware and software for networks.
ISP Acronym for Internet service provider. A company that provides individuals or companies access to the Internet.
Kbps Abbreviation of kilobits per second. Data transfer speed, as through a modem or on a network, measured in
multiples of 1,000 bits per second.
LAN Acronym for local area network. A group of computers and other devices dispersed over a relatively limited area
(for example, a building) and connected by a communications link that enables any device to interact with any other
on the network.
MAC address Abbreviation for media access control address. The address that is used for communication between
network adapters on the same subnet. Each network adapter is manufactured with its own unique MAC address.
MAC layer Abbreviation for Media Access Control layer. The lower of two sub layers that make up the data-link layer
in the ISO/OSI reference model. The MAC layer manages access to the physical network, so a protocol like Ethernet
works at this layer.
mapping A process that allows one computer to communicate with a resource located on another computer on the
network. For example, if you want to access a folder that resides on another computer, you "map to" that folder, as
long as the computer that holds the folder has been configured to share it.
Mbps Abbreviation of megabits per second. A unit of bandwidth measurement that defines the speed at which
information can be transferred through a network or Ethernet cable. One megabyte is roughly equivalent to eight
megabits.
Modem A device that transmits and receives information between computers.
MPPE Microsoft Point to Point Encryption (MPPE) is a means of representing Point to Point Protocol (PPP) packets in
an encrypted form.
Multicast Transmit a single message to a select group of recipients. A simple example of multicasting is sending an e-
mail message to a mailing list. Teleconferencing and videoconferencing also use multicasting, but require more robust
protocols and networks.
